The History of Archery

Archery dates as far back as prehistoric times. The modern day version of archery differs dramatically from the earliest versions with its high-tech equipment and shooting techniques. The earliest known use of archery is in 2800 B.C. The way in which archery was used from its first introduction to society has evolved from a means of survival, both in providing food and as a weapon for defense, to a sport engaged in for enjoyment, hunting, fishing and competition.

Egyptians

In 2800 B.C., the first composite bow was used by the Egyptians. The earliest of these bows required two people to string them, and they were constructed of wood, tipped using animal horns and kept together using glue and/or animal sinew. Bowstrings were constructed from sheep intestines. Arrows were incredibly light, though sharp enough to pierce body armor of the time period, and reached a distance of 400 yards. Archers primarily guarded the backs of light chariots. These archers were extremely well-trained and highly skilled. Their skill set usually allowed them to defeat enemy armies easily.

Archery and military actions

During the reign of the Roman Empire, archery was widely used and was one of the main factors in maintaining the military superiority of this time period. Archery was also used throughout Europe until bows were replaced with firearms in the 16th century; although, when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, the soldiers still consisted of 1/3 archers. By the end of the 16th century the bow was essentially tossed aside as a weapon in more advanced civilizations. The Far East regions continued using archery in warfare as late as the 19th century. Some portions of South America and central Africa continue using bows as weapons even today in fighting between more nomadic tribes.

Archery as a sport

After the 16th century, the bow continued its widespread use as a hunting tool. In addition, archery was a sport that encouraged competitions among both royalty and commoners. English archery societies starting forming within the 16th and 17th centuries. Archery tournaments, some that still exist today, popped up throughout Europe and include the Ancient Scorton Arrow (1673 - present). Distances shot by the Prince of Wales, 100, 80 and 60 yards, are still employed in the today's British York Round championship competition.

Archery's role in society changed from a conquering or protective weapon to a competitive sport, which has even had a role in Olympic competition, to the transition as a hunting and fishing tool for survival to one used for recreation. Without archery, history could look entirely different. Throughout history, the bow has saved many lives and provided food and entertainment. Today's bows are much different, yet archery has created a lasting impression on the world. It is sure to continue to do so, whether it is through the use of bows in competitive and recreational activities or through its history rich with legends and stories that spark the imagination.